The four-part locator
| Part | What it identifies | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Text | The compendium | Charaka Samhita |
| Sthana | A major division or section | Sutra Sthana |
| Adhyaya | The chapter | Chapter 1 |
| Shloka | Verse or numbered passage | Verse 41 |
Short and full citation forms
A short note can use “Cha. Su. 1.41” after the abbreviations have been defined. A bibliography should name the Sanskrit edition, editor, commentary, translator, publisher, edition and year. For a web edition, include the stable page URL and access or revision information where available.
Short note
Charaka Samhita, Sutra Sthana 1.41 (Cha. Su. 1.41).
Full reference
Text title; section and verse; commentator or translator; editor; edition; publisher and date.
Why numbering can differ
- Editions may combine or divide verses differently.
- A prose passage may be numbered with surrounding metrical verses.
- Sushruta recensions and later additions require special attention.
- Translations can silently follow different commentaries.
- Online editions may update their wording or structure.
Editorial checklist
| Check | Question |
|---|---|
| Wording | Did the article verify the Sanskrit or rely only on a paraphrase? |
| Location | Does the reference point to the exact claim? |
| Edition | Can a reader identify the source text used? |
| Interpretation | Is commentary distinguished from the base passage? |
| Translation | Is borrowed wording credited rather than presented as original? |
Plain answers
Common questions
What do Cha. Su. and Su. Su. mean?
They are conventional abbreviations for Charaka Samhita, Sutra Sthana and Sushruta Samhita, Sutra Sthana; define abbreviations in each publication.
Is a verse number enough?
It locates a passage, but an edition and commentary are needed for transparent wording and interpretation.
Can an online edition be cited?
Yes, when its editorial responsibility, source basis and stable URL are clear. A print or critical edition can be added where available.
Transparent references
Sources & editorial method
These references support the definitions, textual context and interpretive distinctions in this guide. Editions, translations and commentaries may differ.
- Caraka Samhita Online: Referencing guidelinesEditorial guidance for citing the compendium and related concept material.
- eSamhita by Ayurved BharatiDigital access project for Sanskrit shlokas and translations of the major compendia.
- Ayusoft: Principles of AyurvedaGovernment-supported overview of Panchamahabhuta, dosha, dhatu, mala, agni and prakriti.
- Foundational principles of classical Ayurveda researchPeer-reviewed discussion of classical principles, epistemology and approaches to studying Ayurveda.
- Vedic Matters editorial methodClassical descriptions, translation choices and modern interpretations are identified separately.